The Olympic Games Essay Example for Free

The Olympic Games Essay Presentation: The Olympic Games is one of the soonest Pan-Hellenic celebration just as its cutting edge recovery. The Games as held today, is the biggest feature and rivalry of the world’s best athletic aptitudes and sportsmanship. It typifies and advances patriotism, governmental issues and business among contending countries. The meeting up for investment advances solidarity among countries while national pride maintains the serious soul. The presence of such contradicting components during Olympic Games can be discovered today as well as be followed during its initial adaptations. Their high perfect, rather than corporate greed and governmental issues has been watched even from its antiquated festivals. The inception of the early games is dark however the date of the main celebration is generally 776 B.C. at Olympia. This was the year from which the Greeks dated their sequence in Olympiads and about that year that Homer was conceived. From there on, the celebration was held in quadrennials in festivity of each new Olympiad (or each following four years). The merriments were firmly related with strict ceremonies yet it additionally incorporates athletic challenges, rhetoric, music, verse, and other works of art. It was during the late nineteenth century that the Olympic Games were restored as a global athletic challenge, holding the beliefs of the first Olympian celebration and a portion of the occasions in its altered structure. In spite of the fact that its underlying restoration was fruitful, it was not saved from a couple of obstacles. Throughout the years, the Games kept on pulling in global members. Around 203 nations are currently associated with the Olympics, when contrasted with 14 taking part nations path in 1896. The current quantities of partaking nations are uniquely higher than the perceived 193 nations by the United Nations. Reason of which originates from the International Olympic Committee’s guidelines, which permits countries that had not been properly perceived by the United Nations to take an interest and contend. Thus, settlements of other part country are permitted to arrange their own Olympic groups and make portrayals despite the fact that their competitors hold a similar citizenship of another contending country. Taiwan for instance, used to contend as â€Å"Republic of China†, causing strife with the People’s Republic of China, which would not partake until 1980. Taiwan from that point, contended with the official name â€Å"Chinese Taipei†. Indeed, the following Olympic Games will be held in 2008 at Beijing. China is presently occupied in its arrangement as 2008 Olympics have. Nations competing to have the Games need to oblige enormous quantities of competitors, visitors, and writers. The development of the quantity of individuals engaged with the Games’ festivity is one of the significant worries that coordinators ceaselessly face. All things considered, the Olympics are one of the most anticipated and well known significant world occasions today. Old Olympics: As the world looks on with expectation as the years move ever closer (extraordinary groundwork) for the happening to the following Olympic games, one can't yet assist with thinking once more from its beginning. In spite of its notoriety, its old starting points had been covered in lack of definition. The antiquated merriments are very unique contrasted with the cutting edge adaptation of the Games. It had lesser number of occasions to contend on.â Foremost models for competitors are being able to communicate in Greek, and that lone free men were permitted to compete.â â Olympia is the official site of each party of the old Olympic Games, rather than the current practice wherein has nations contrast from each festival. Notwithstanding the acknowledged custom that 776 B.C. denoted the primary Olympiad, it appears to be sensibly sure that the Olympic Games were established before that time. In any case, there are different anecdotes about the starting point of the Olympics. It is plausible that the Olympian celebration created from the custom of holding athletic challenges to pay tribute to a divine being or dead legend. Some accepted that the Games may have been firmly connected with burial service ceremonies, for example, those at the memorial service of Patroclus, as depicted by Homer in the Iliad. Achilles, Patroclus’ closest companion, held games forâ â Patroclus’ respect as a major aspect of the burial service. It included boxing, wrestling, a chariot race, and footrace. Afterward, they may have been held at standard spans to respect all who had passed on inside that period. As per the writer Pindar, in the fifteenth century B.C., Heracles established the Olympic Games as a festival for his triumph over Elis and slaughtering King Augeas. Another legend has it that when dispute assaulted Greece, Iphitus was requested by a prophet to reestablish the Games. Pausanias, a Greek explorer, recounts a bronze work area in the Heraeum at Olympia, engraved in the guidelines of the Games and with the names of Lycurgus and Iphitus. Pausanias additionally relates that as per old chronicles of the individuals of Elis, the Game’s originator was credited to Idean Heracles and was answerable for giving the name to the Olympian challenges. The Games began when he moved his siblings to a footrace at Olympia. Another record, as indicated by Pausinias, relates that Zeus himself started the primary Olympiad when he battled with his dad Cronus for the sway of paradise and control of the world; and that Zeus broadcasted the Games after his triumph. Another legend expresses that the Games was built up after the Greek saint Pelops won against King Oenomaus in a chariot race in an offer to wed Oenomaus’ girl, Hippodamia. In spite of the fact that it is dubious with regards to who is genuinely answerable for the inception of the Games, Olympia had consistently been the predictable site where the Games’ occasions were held. This isn't unexpected since even before 776 B.C., Olympia had been the site of faction revere for Zeus. It is situated a long way from human living arrangements, gloriously disregarded by a slope, and the River Alph coursing through it (a waterway thought about consecrated by the Greeks). It was held in midsummer at Olympia in the northwest piece of the Peloponnesus where an arena and a sanctuary to Zeus were based on the eastern and northern banks of the streams Alpheus and Claudeus. During the Hellenic period this asylum turned into the image of the Greek’s dedication to physical magnificence and the preparation of psyche and body to the most noteworthy condition of coordination. The antiquated Olympics had four sorts of races. First kind of race expects sprinters to run the full length of the arena, around 192 meters in length. This is known as a STADION. The subsequent sort is known as a 2-STADE race, around 384 meters. At that point there were races, which involve its rivals to run wearing protection in 2 or 4-STADE. It is acceptable to take note of that a standard protective layer as of now could weigh as much as 50 to 60 lbs. Despite the fact that this may appear to be strange for current principles, however the Greeks were especially worried about improving its odds over fights. Greeks have utilized the Games as a chance to help fabricate the speed and continuance among its men when they are called to render military assistance (â€Å"Ancient Olympic Games†). By 724 B.C., diaulos was presented. Afterward, the dolichos was included which require 12 laps. Maybe one of the significant explanations behind stressing running in the occasions could likewise be identified with the Greek’s thought that astounding officers have great speed and endurance. An all-power race, called Pancreaton, joins a wide range of physical assault. The colossal significance of the Olympic Games dates from the 6th century B.C. at the point when Sparta accomplished superiority among the Greek states. From the outset Pisa, a city-state was in charge of the Olympic Games, however Elis, a neighboring city-state toward the North, had usurped control by 572 B.C. In time, Olympia turned into the focal point of a league, and the Games started to accomplish a more than nearby hugeness. Ground-breaking Sparta shaped a collusion with Elis; and in this manner it came about that Elis controlled the strict parts of the Olympic celebration, while Sparta was the authority â€Å"protector† of the Games, spreading its own notoriety and renown. It was the political manager, establishing and upholding the â€Å"sacred truce†, which in any event, during wars allowed Hellenes to originate from all pieces of Greece and the Greek settlements to contend in the incomparable Olympic Games. The Games came to comprise the one worldwide bond that held through all wars and contrasts. From 776 toâ â 721 B.C., the rundown of the victors included just the names of Eleans and their neighbors. Afterward, Megarians, Corinthians, Athenians, and others show up as victors. Religion The antiquated Olympics consistently had a strict component; not just that a fantasy considered Zeus as the initiator of the Games each merriment was held in his respect. Also, Zeus was accepted to have a hand over the aftereffects of the Games: those he supported were accepted to turn into the victors while competitors who didn't will ever get any opportunities for winning on the opposition. Pindar’s triumph tribute credits triumph among champions to their abilities and through the concealed impact of the divine beings. Cheating and pay off were not outsider even those early occasions, thus those that were gotten were fined. The cash goes for building undertakings, for example, a religion sculpture of their central god, Zeus. Fabulous festival in Zeus respect is done all through the Games. The individuals would offer penances and Zeus is appealed to keep off flies from the meat, Zeus being considered the â€Å"averter of flies†. While consumed contributions were given, the sanctuary cleric would look at the penances. The minister articulates incredible prophets in Zeus respect and keeps on giving vague expectation of the what might be on the horizon. Competitors base their odds of prevailing upon the opposition through these prophets. As a statement of the Greek’s thought, the Olympic games kept on flourishing as a Pan-Hellenic foundation. While it would appear to be removed

Students with Learning Disabilities Offered Success in College :: School Education Essays

Understudies with Learning Disabilities Offered Success in College Enlisting for school courses can be stressing for even the most sorted out undergrad. Realizing which courses to take, and what request to take them in, can be more than confounding to the effectively over-focused on understudy body. This procedure is much progressively demanding for understudies with learning incapacities. Enlisting for classes is the ideal start for learning crippled understudies. Kyle Turin, a first year recruit with Dyslexia, at Northeastern University is daunted at the absence of consideration he believes he is getting. Turin was analyzed at a youthful age. He was never authoritatively tried for a learning handicap, yet he was placed into a particular perusing class until he went to secondary school. Kyle figured out how to make up for his challenges yet felt he became lost despite a general sense of vigilance in the framework. â€Å"They (instructors) made sense of in like 6th grade that I had missed a pivotal piece of my perusing perception stuff that different children got. I was placed into understanding courses. In any case, presently that I’m in school, I’ll have a class of like 150 children where the main premise of the class is the course reading and in-class addresses, so I don’t have the chance to repay in class the way that I utilized to.† said Turin. Kyle Turin moved to Northeastern University after his first semester at Hudson Valley Community College. â€Å"They inquired as to whether I had Northeastern protection, and I said no and they fundamentally said I was up the creek without a paddle. They said I needed to contact my own insurance agency and check whether they secured the handicap test that I would require so as to get additional consideration through Northeastern. Be that as it may, my insurance agency won’t spread it in light of the fact that I’m more than 18 years of age. † A learning inability is characterized as any of different conditions that meddle with a person's capacity to pick up, bringing about impeded working in language, thinking, or scholastic aptitudes. The National Center for Learning Disabilities clarifies it as a neurological issue that influences the brain’s capacity to get procedure, store and react to data. Essentially, among individuals with learning handicaps there is a perceptible hole between their degree of anticipated accomplishment and their genuine accomplishment. Specialists and experts concur it is extremely unlikely to stick point a particular foundations for learning incapacities. The NCLD says some potential causes may incorporate heredity, issues during pregnancy or birth, head wounds or dietary hardship after birth, and introduction to poisonous substances.

Low Balance

Low Balance I didnt start out this weekend trying to write a scathing expose on what its like to survive at MIT with no TechCash, no cash, and a terrible desire to spend money on food at least once a day. This certainly wasnt planned, especially because I still have six hours of exams to power through it actually probably started about two weeks ago, when I bought lunch at Stata, handed over my ID and was alarmed to see that little low warning sign. I have $1.70 in my TechCash account, and the reason its stayed that way for such a while now is a combination of a lot of things. A lot of it has to do with the fact that I filled up my account to a pretty sizeable amount at the beginning of the semester, since Im far too lazy to go to the basement of the student center and put money in my account for free (quick deposit online costs $1.50), but its also finals week, during which many MIT students seem to take on the view that lifes ordinarily small daily burdens are now no longer obligatory. (This could explain why the girl studying in the cubicle next to me looks like shes making a beanie out of uncombed hair.) For me this includes a couple things: not picking my clothes up off the floor (no roommate, no mom no place to stand), not washing my dishes (although someone in my suite cleaned up last night; pretty suite), and not watching my bank account (not that Im out buying couture, just caffeine drinks and Thai food). To give a little background- MITs money system, rather than work with points or meal plans like other schools with more dining halls do, is basically a debit card that doesnt collect interest. You put money on your TechCash account whenever you want, either from your account online or in the basement of the student center, and use it to buy food at dining halls, restaurants in the student center basically anywhere on campus, and a few places off-campus. You can also sometimes use it to buy things like tickets to events or food from class fundraisers, or do your laundry, and it doesnt run out at the end of the semester, either it just stays as money in your account. While not entirely necessary to survive all places that take TechCash also take real cash it can be pretty impractical to carry around large wads of cash, and not everywhere accepts actual debit/credit cards. And so we use TechCash. But I havent been, and its been rough. Day 1: the beginning. Salad and a gatorade at Stata. Low Balance, the cash register informs me. I glance at the angry green $1.70 briefly, wondering whether I should sprint home to my computer and refill my account. Obviously, I do not do this. Day 4: Ben 11 wanders into my kitchen complaining of hunger, and I look up from studying something definitely genetics-related (okay, Im lying a little, I might have been on facebook but it was probably looking up something very important). We could go to the student center? his roommate Allin offers hopefully. NO, Allin, we CANT go to the student center. I consider cooking, before remembering there is studying to be done and cooking can take a lot of time. We order Chinese food from Royal East, a place not too far from campus, and I pay with debit, because there is a whole wide, WIDE world out there of places that do not require only cash or TechCash and those places are wonderful repositories of food and goodness, that are also kind of expensive because you have to pay delivery charges and tip. But also, not in TechCash. Day 6: or why Ive been banned from Annas Taqueria Today I hit rock bottom. Im on shift on the ambulance, from 2300 to 1200 (11 PM to 12 PM), and around 8 AM its blizzard-ing outside. We decide to go to the student center for breakfast because every other breakfast place in our service area is closed, and the roads are too blocked up to drive very far. The two other people on the crew go to LaVerdes, the small grocery store on campus, and I go for Annas. On four hours of sleep, I request a breakfast burrito and watch the guy make it in front of me. I dont register my money situation until I get to the cash register and my custom-made vegetarian burrito is looking extra-delicious underneath a Cash or TechCash only sign. Feebly I hand the lady my debit card, and she looks as me as if I have very seriously insulted her family. We dont take credit card. So I weigh my options. Theres an ATM, but I only have my California-specific debit card on me. I could go ask one of the people on shift with me for money, but I cant pay them back later because I wont have any cash later, either. I could also risk having to be taken away by the very ambulance I am working by telling her I cant pay for my food. I, uh Ill be back.. I just have to.. get yeah. I motion feebly to the ATM and hightail it out of Annas, never to return. (It would be a good way to end this story by saying and THATs why Ive been banned from Annas Taqueria!, but I havent actually been banned well, as far as I know; Ive just decided not to go there until maybe like the end of IAP. Ill get back to you on that.) Day 9. The fifth floor of the student center has this wonderful place called the reading room where all sound goes to die, and this is where Ive parked myself for the day before my first final. Ive been here for about three hours before I decide its time for a break, and head downstairs to order a falafel. From the line I can see no TechCash or Cash only signs, and so I feel this is a fortuitous day but when I get to the front of the line and hand the guy my card, he smiles and shakes his head at me. We dont take credit. This, now THIS I was not prepared for. Annas, maybe. But THERES NO SIGN AT THE FALAFEL PLACE. Seriously?? Im preparing a lack-of-sleep-induced diatribe about false advertising when the dude smiles helpfully at me. We can wait for you! he suggest cheerily. Only then do I notice he looks vaguely like a Mediterranean Santa Claus, and I start to remember for most of the world its the holiday season, not finals season. And so my rage and disappointment in the falafel guy simmers. Very swiftly I mentally change my No TechCash policy to No Falafel Left Behind and inform him Im sorry, itll just take a second and I was seriously misguided for me to sprint back up to the fifth floor and deposit money into my account. The falafel tastes like victory. Ive learned a few things from my TechCash-less lifestyle yes, its not absolutely necessary, but if you have a debit card its a little more difficult to get around if you plan to eat on campus rather than just cook for yourself. (LaVerdes, Dunkin Donuts, and Cambridge Grill all accept debit. There are a few other scattered places on campus here and there, but those are the main ones.) Generally speaking, though, its a pretty effective system, and I like having the freedom to put money as I please (or dont please), whenever I need it. I have a lot of pictures to post from our fall dance show, my floors formal, and the giant volumes of snow weve been hit with lately, as well as entries to write about changing your major, getting accepted (?! congratulations, all of you!), how to get around campus, and how to pick a living group (SO MUCH BLOGGING so little time) but Ive still got that silly thing called finals in between me and winter break. Ill be flying home Thursday, so! Until later

How to Calculate Normality of a Solution

The normality of a solution is the gram equivalent weight of a solute per liter of solution. It may also be called the equivalent concentration.  It is indicated using the symbol N, eq/L, or meq/L ( 0.001 N) for units of concentration. For example, the concentration of a hydrochloric acid solution might be expressed as 0.1 N HCl. A gram equivalent weight or equivalent is a measure of the reactive capacity of a given chemical species (ion, molecule, etc.). The equivalent value is determined using the molecular weight and valence of the chemical species. Normality is the only concentration unit that is reaction dependent. Here are examples of how to calculate the normality of a solution. Key Takeaways Normality is a unit of concentration of a chemical solution expressed as gram equivalent weight of solute per liter of solution. A defined equivalence factor must be used to express concentration.Common units of normality include N, eq/L, or meq/L.Normality is the only unit of chemical concentration that depends on the chemical reaction being studied.Normality is not the most common unit of concentration, nor is its use appropriate for all chemical solutions. Typical situations when you might use normality include acid-base chemistry, redox reactions, or precipitation reactions. For most other situations, molarity or molality are better options for units. Normality Example #1 The easiest way to find normality is from molarity. All you need to know are how many mole of ions dissociate. For example, a 1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is 2 N for acid-base reactions because each mole of sulfuric acid provides 2 moles of H ions. 1 M sulfuric acid is 1 N for sulfate precipitation since 1 mole of sulfuric acid provides 1 mole of sulfate ions. Normality Example #2 36.5 grams of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a 1 N (one normal) solution of HCl. A normal is one gram equivalent of a solute per liter of solution. Since hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water, a 1 N solution of HCl would also be 1 N for H or Cl- ions for acid-base reactions. Normality Example #3 Find the normality of 0.321 g sodium carbonate in a 250 mL solution. To solve this problem, you need to know the formula for sodium carbonate. Once you realize there are two sodium ions per carbonate ion, the problem is simple: N 0.321 g Na2CO3  x (1 mol/105.99 g) x (2 eq/1 mol)N 0.1886 eq/0.2500 LN 0.0755 N Normality Example #4 Find the percent acid (eq wt 173.8) if 20.07 mL of 0.1100 N base is required to neutralize 0.721 g of a sample. This is essentially a matter of being able to cancel out units to obtain the final result. Remember, if given a value in milliliters (mL), its necessary to convert it to liters (L). The only tricky concept is realizing the acid and base equivalence factors will be in a 1:1 ratio. 20.07 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.1100 eq base/1 L) x (1 eq acid/1 eq base) x (173.8 g/1 eq) 0.3837 g acid When to Use Normality There are specific circumstances when its preferable to use normality rather than molarity or other unit of concentration of a chemical solution. Normality is used in acid-base chemistry to describe the concentration of hydronium (H3O) and hydroxide (OH-). In this situation, 1/feq is an integer.The equivalence factor or normality is used in precipitation reactions to indicate the number of ions that will precipitate. Here, 1/feq is once again and integer value.In redox reactions, the equivalence factor indicates how many electrons can be donated or accepted by an oxidizing or reducing agent. For redox reactions, 1/feq may be a fraction. Considerations Using Normality Normality is not an appropriate unit of concentration in all situations. First, it requires a defined equivalence factor. Second, the normality is not a set value for a chemical solution. Its value can change according to the chemical reaction being examined. For example, a solution of CaCl2 that is 2 N with respect to the chloride (Cl-) ion would only be 1 N with respect to the magnesium (Mg2) ion. Reference The use of the equivalence concept. IUPAC (archived).

Personal Statement Of Public Health Research Essay

Statement of Purpose I’d fallen ill while visiting my grandparents in the northern part of Nigeria and was taken to a 2-room health facility where I witnessed an unfathomable scene. In the hallway, lying on a wooden bench, a pregnant woman moaned loudly, in labor. Tossing and turning, she flinched in pain as she reached around the rusted nails protruding from the bench while simultaneously following the midwife’s directions. For many weeks, I couldn’t get the image out of my head. I remember thinking, ‘Why was she giving birth on a wooden bench? Are there no beds?’ Of course, as I advanced in my education in the world of healthcare, I came to realize that those were deceptively simple questions that delved into issues of access to quality healthcare in low resource settings. This and other questions drove me to research and birthed my interest in public health. My first true introduction to public health research is working with marginalized and vulnerable populations who are often faced with limited access to healthcare. I became intrigued working with this group when I realized they faced limited access to HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) services. As a young researcher, I was curious to understand the risk factors that increased the high burden (25%) of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in Nigeria. There was limited research to inform program interventions. Yet, other high risk groups (female sex workers and injecting drug users) wereShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics And Professional Conduct For The Respiratory Therapist1254 Words   |  6 Pageswithin their scope accepted and responsible practice. This statement is put in place to insure that the respiratory therapist only performs what they are competent on. 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Benefits and cost Free Essays

Costs would be Just the opposite of several of these, but would also include lack of a good warranty, or not being able to find a place that can service the time-piece. Top Reasons You Want A Nice Watch†, A. Adams, 2011 . We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits and cost or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) A weight loss diet can boost self- esteem, energy levels, desirability to those you wish to attract. Good health, though. Is the greatest benefit of a weight loss diet. Costs could be the difficulty level of being able to stick with the diet. Losing weight improperly can cause health issues; if the weight loss diet you have to offer is unhealthy this can be a cost. High prices of weight loss can be prohibitive. (â€Å"Lose Weight, Gain Tons of Benefits†, K. Zealand, n. D. ) Things that could be beneficial to a cruise would be location. Everyone likes to go to beautiful places. Nice accommodation and service areas on board the ship are a must. Other important things can be safety, atmosphere, variety of activities, and areas to relax. Costs could be the expensiveness of the cruise, sea sickness, and boredom. (â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Cruise Travel†, A. Powers, 2012) For a new checking account at a bank, the benefits could be ease of deposits, such as online deposits by way of device APS. Being able to cancel checks easily Is Important. The availability of accessing your cash easily Is very Important. Free ATM and debit cards, and the availability of paperless electronic statements can also be beneficial. Costs would include high bounced check fees, annual account fees, and the fact that many businesses are moving away from even accepting checks. (â€Å"Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account†, G. Dwellers, 2013) Ariel Adams, (2011). Top Reasons You Want A Nice Watch. A Blob to Watch. Retrieved July 14, 2014, blowtorch. Com: http://www. blowtorch. Com/top-reasons-you- want-a-nice-expensive-watch/ Kathleen M. Zealand, (n. D. ). Lose Weight, Gain Tons of Benefits. Web MD. Retrieved July 14, 2014, WebMD. Com: http://www. WebMD. Com/delete/features/lose-wealth-gal.- tons-of-benefits India Powers, (2012). The Pros and Cons of Cruise Travel. Apartment Therapy. Retrieved July 14, 2014, parenthetically. Com: http://www. parenthetically. Com/ the-pros-and-cons-of-cruise-travel-192288 Gerri Dwellers, (2013). Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account. Credit. Retrieved July 14, 2014, credit. Com: http://www. credit. Com/personal-Flanagan- questions-to-ask-before-opening-bank-account/ Benefits and cost By wheelhouses ay of device APS. Being able to cancel checks easily is important. The availability of accessing your cash easily is very important. Free ATM and debit cards, and the Before Opening a Bank Account†, G. Detailer, 2013) July 14, 2014, WebMD. Com: http://www. WebMD. Com/diet/features/lose-weight-gain- the-pros-and-cons-of-cruise-travel-192288 Gerri Detailer, (2013). Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account. Credit. Retrieved July 14, 2014, credit. Com: http://www. Credit. Com/personal-Flanagan- questions-to-ask-before-opening-bank-account/ How to cite Benefits and cost, Papers

Reserach Method Collection

Question: Write an essay on Data Collection? Answer: Data collection is the most vital part of a research project as it is through the data collection that a researcher reaches the proper outcome of the project. When the researcher is considering carrying out a project regarding international business, the qualitative data collection becomes even more important. It is up to the researcher to decide how to collect the data after the person is done with choosing the participants. As qualitative data collection hugely depends on another person or group of people, it is important that the research handles the participants and keep certain things in mind that will helps the researcher to get a proper outcome of the project (Ryan, Bernard, 2003). The essay will focus on the importance of the qualitative data collection while researching on international business and the factors are essential to keep in mind while collecting the qualitative data. Moreover, it is important that the researcher restate the research statement, the research quest ions and the purpose of the researcher project before colleting the qualitative data for international business. Researchproblem When an organization ventures in an international market, it faces a lot of issues while managing the human resource as well as in the marketing perspective. The research will mainly focus on the problems faced by the marketing team while venturing in an international destination and doing an international business. Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate the problems and issues that the marketing team will face while venturing in an international market. Researchquestions What are the issues faced while acquiring new suppliers in the international region? What are the issues faced by the organization while recruiting new employees in the international location? What are the issues faced by the organization while setting up the business in the new location international location will have new regulations and laws by the government? The fieldwork that can be undertaken to answer the research questions will be in the form of interview (Bazeley, 2013). The interviews of the employees of the organization which is veturing in the international location will be important for the research. The observation will be a simultaneous process when the researcher will observe the participants, the change in behavior and whether they are comfortable while giving the interviews. The quality of the researcher lies in the fact that whether the person is able to understand the behavior of the participants and decide that whether the participants are giving authentic answers. In addition to this, the researcher can also talk with the people related to the participants. To get authentic information about the research project, the researcher can do the extra fieldwork of taking the feedback of the other people so that the researcher is sure about the outcome form the qualitative data collection. The role of field notes is very important for the qualitative data collection as far as international business is concerned. The field notes let the researcher to take an account about the important information that will be useful in the future (Cook Farmer, 2011). In addition to this, the field notes help the researcher to relate to the problems of the participants when the person is making the final draft. Then researcher can write down the field notes to take an account of the information that are not directly related to the problems of the research but might be helpful in solving the issues. The advantages of the observations are that it gives the researcher a chance to add some extra information as an outcome of the researcher (Friese, 2011). The observations also let the researcher to state about the further research projects that can be done by other researcher. The main disadvantage of the observations is that it is completely the perspective of the researcher (Gibbs, 2011). It might happen that he observation made by the researcher might not be true. Hence, if the researcher uses the observation then the outcome of the research might differ due to the use of the observations. The interview of the participants let the researcher to get the answer for the research questions in depth (Friese, 2012). While interviewing the participants, the researcher not only asks the questions but indulge in various other conversations, this helps the researcher to get ideas to develop the researcher questions if needed to enhance the quality of the projects. Face-to-face interviews will be better than electronic interviews. The main reason for choosing face-to-face interview over the electronic interviews is that it helps the researcher to study the participants in detail (Grbich, 2013). However, as he employees are venturing in anew location, the employees might not be available to the researcher. The electronic interview at times create problems as the participants do not get time to go through the questions and at times send the answers after the deadline. The researcher then has to keep extra participants in hand who could fill the space for the participants who are unable to send the feedback in the given time. Along with the benefits of the face-to face interview there are certain disadvantages (Rubin Rubin, 2012). The participants are at times accompanied by other employees. At times, the co-employees are helpful in completing the project. However, there are certain times, when the researcher might have to ask personal questions, then the presence of the co-employees might not let the participants give authentic answers (Ritchie, Spencer, 2002). Hence, the researcher has to tactically handle the situations. There are certain ethical issues that the researcher should keep in mind while collecting data for qualitative data analysis (SaldanÃÅ'Æ’a, 2011). The participants who are unwilling to take part in the interview should not be forced to take part in the interview. There are certain projects which involves personal questions if the participants hesitate to give answers to such questions, the researcher should not force the participants to make them answer the questions. If the participants do not want their personal information to become public, the researcher should respect the decision of the participants and keep the information secret. If the situations demand the researcher to let out the information, the researcher should take the permission of the participants and then do the needful. If the participants do not want to let out any information that is related to the companys policy regarding international business then the researcher would not force the employees to give the information. The results of the coding and analysis that will help the researcher reach a proper outcome. The 14 steps that the researcher should; consider while doing the coding the coding and analysis are as follows (Krathwohl, 2009): Creating a storyline It helps the researcher to communicate with the readers as the readers follow the coding process like a story and not just calculations Code the data Assigning a name to each category so that the researcher does not get confused at the a later stage Pre-set codes The researcher mighthave thought ofcoding method.The pre-set codes can be up to ten and or can extend till 40-50 codes. However, it is better that the researcher keep the number of codes less Emergent codes The emergent codes are those that emerge in between the research. There can be certain codes which the researcher might not have thought of but has emerged while the researcher was in the middle of the research Coding as a system and organizing data Marinating a system in way of coding is the best way that the researcher can code a data. The researcher should first analyze what is the research objective and then do the coding Refining codes The researcher should keep on checking the codes and see if the codes need any revision or refining Open coding The researcher predicts the outcome of the result while studying he feedback of the participants Axial coding Axial coding tries to find out the relation between the feedback of the participants Creating a table A table helps the researcher to keep a track of the list of coding that have been done and the remaining that is left be done Coding notes Just like field notes, coding notes is an important part. The tes will help the resecher in the final level Illustration of coding An illustration is necessary while the researcher is coding a material Checking the code Checking whether the coding process is completed and if it needs any further changes Evaluating the code Evaluating the codes and see whether the process has been correct and whether the codes can help the researcher reach a proper outcome Results Finally the results is reached which has been achieved from the coding and analyzing Thus, it can be concluded that qualitative data collection is an important part of a research work as far as international business is concerned. Hence, when the researcher is carrying out qualitative data collection, the person should be aware of certain issues and take measures that the data collection process is successful. It has been identified that face-to face interview is one of the best methods to carry out a qualitative data collection in international business as the employees will be able to speak about the problems in an effective manner. It is necessary that every researcher should follow the steps of coding so that the researcher is sure that the steps taken for the data collection are proper and full proof. References Bazeley, P. (2013). Qualitative data analysis. Los Angeles [i.e. Thousand Oaks, Calif.]: SAGE Publications. Cook, D., Farmer, L. (2011). Using qualitative methods in action research. [Chicago]: Association of College and Research Libraries. Friese, S. (2011). Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS.ti. Los Angeles, Calif. [u.a.]: Sage. Friese, S. (2012). Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS.ti. London: SAGE. Gibbs, G. (2011). Analyzing qualitative data. Los Angeles [u.a.]: SAGE. Grbich, C. (2013). Qualitative data analysis. London: SAGE Publications. Krathwohl, D. R. (2009). Methods of educational and social science research: The logic of methods. Waveland Press. Ritchie, J., Spencer, L. (2002). Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. The qualitative researchers companion, 305-329. Rubin, H., Rubin, I. (2012). Qualitative interviewing. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. Ryan, G. W., Bernard, H. R. (2003). Techniques to identify themes. Field methods, 15(1), 85-109. SaldanÃÅ'Æ’a, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. New York: Oxford University Press.

The Missing Evening Essays - Ghost Whisperer,

The Missing Evening He was always punctual, at least for his own agenda. Each evening Jim would run through the forest just for fun. This summer night was no exception. The night had grown dark but he was not worried, for he knew the woods well. He sped across an old beaten path and glided over rotten old fallen trees. The damp air was wonderful, he thought, because he could run and never get too hot, and if he kept running hed never get too cold. This forest was made mostly of pine trees, and the needles put a bounce in the young boys step and kept him cheerful. At the clearing he stopped, as he always did, and rested upon a large rock and observed the inky-black sky. This was his favorite spot, his secret spot. Stars shined far brighter here then they did in town, and Jim always felt like he could stay forever. He sighed, and pulled his arms behind his head and stretched out his legs. For some reason this night he was especially relaxed. Either school letting out last week or just one of those giddy days, he didnt know. It is a wonderful day to be alive. After looking into the sky for a few minutes he saw a falling star. It shimmered for merely a moment and went out. Then another came, and another, and after a dozen or so he sat up and beamed, awed by the glowing sky. It seemed that just above him there was a whole meteor shower, purely for his delight. They fell straight down and glowed longer then Jim had ever seen before. Soon the whole clearing was shining a bright white, like on Forth of July. The dozens became hundreds until finally a large radiant circle seemed to be coming straight down above Jim. He let out a sharp little scream of excitement and sprang from the rock, twirling around and around singing to himself as he always did when he was really cheerful. It was another minute before he realized that they werent meteors anymore, but actually the colorful bottom of a spaceship. He stepped back slowly, alert but unafraid. Slowly the craft hovered toward the widest part of the clearing and fell to the earth. Jim stood erect now, excited or scared he didnt know, but he was going to know which it was before he did anything. He decided it must be excitement. And anyway, I couldnt just leave. He told himself. The intense light faded away, and by moonlight Jim walked around the small spaceship. The wings of the craft were torn up. Wires leaped forth from the tears and melted plastic had oozed out and hardened, creating an elliptical half baked purple pancake covering the crafts exterior. The black tinted windows had small cracks throughout. The only orifice was a small door underneath the ship. Jim bent his knees, ducked his head and tugged at the door. He yanked hard and ended up falling onto the moist earth. The door had opened, and a plume of powder emerged blanketing the boy with grey dust. After rubbing his eyes and brushing his pants off as was his habit, he stood once again, poked his head into the ship and peered about the hull. The air was still filled with more gray dust, and Jim couldnt make out a thing. He pushed himself up into the ship despite the discomfort of the dust and explored. Everything was smooth: the walls, the floor, the door, everything. Jim felt the wall until he came to another small door. Pushing it aside, he stepped into this dark room. It was damp and terribly musty. A faint tussling sound moved toward Jim. Still undaunted, the young boy flung his arms in front of himself and crawled blindly toward the queer sound. Ah! Jim clung into his hand and screamed. Something had bitten his arm. He rubbed his hand but it was no use. Jim whimpered, hes whole left arm now throbbing. He pitched on the hard cold floor until he faintly made out the opening from where he had entered this pitch-dark appalling room. As he put forth his

Verificar estatus de caso migratorio con el USCIS

Verificar estatus de caso migratorio con el USCIS Verificar el estatus del caso de inmigracià ³n en Estados Unidos es un derecho de todas las personas con un caso ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En ocasiones la demora puede ser tan grande que uno acaba preguntndose si es que algo va mal o comienza a tener nervios imaginando lo peor y que su caso no va a ser aprobado. Lo cierto es que casi siempre lo que sucede es que las demoras son muy grandes, particularmente para cierto tipo de trmites. Por ello, en este artà ­culo se explica cà ³mo se puede conocer quà © est pasando con la solicitud migratoria por medio de Internet, por telà ©fono o en persona. Adems, hacia el final del artà ­culo hay un enlace para averiguar los tiempos promedio que se estn tardando para tramitar peticiones de familia, naturalizaciones, casos en corte e incluso peticiones de visas no inmigrantes.   Opciones para verificar estatus migratorio con USCIS Internet: Por medio de la pgina oficial USICS https:egov.uscis.gov/casestatus. Se necesita el nà ºmero de identificacià ³n del caso, el cual consta de 13 caracteres (3 letras seguidas por 10 nà ºmeros).Por telà ©fono: 1-800-375-5283. Las personas con problemas de audicià ³n pueden marcar al 1-800-767-1833.En persona: Puede presentarse en cualquier oficina migratoria (solo migrantes con estatus legal). Utilice el sistema InfoPass para concertar una cita previamente.  ¿Cà ³mo verificar el estatus del caso con el USCIS? La pgina de Internet del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) ofrece un servicio en inglà ©s y en espaà ±ol para revisar cà ³mo se va procesando el caso migratorio de cada inmigrante. Debe introducirse en la casilla apropiada el nà ºmero de recibo del caso que se quiere verificar y est compuesto por 13 caracteres. Esto es, tres letras seguido por diez nà ºmeros. Las letras pueden ser cualquiera de las siguientes: EAC, WAC, LIN, SRC. Es muy importante que al introducir no se escriba ningà ºn sà ­mbolo de guion (-). Sin embargo, si el nà ºmero incluye otros sà ­mbolos, como por ejemplo asteriscos (*), sà ­ deben incluirse. El nà ºmero que pide la pgina del USCIS es el que corresponde a un determinado caso migratorio. Se encuentra en el recibo de confirmacià ³n que envà ­a a cada inmigrante que realiza una peticià ³n o solicitud antes las autoridades migratorias. En el caso de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia para un familiar o de visa de prometido (novio o fiancà ©), ese nà ºmero est en el documento conocido como NOA1. Despuà ©s de introducir el nà ºmero de recibo, presionar la tecla de verifique estatus. Se abrir una pantalla en la que se pueden comprobar los pasos por los que ya ha pasado la solicitud del inmigrante y cules estn todavà ­a pendientes.  ¿Cà ³mo recibir actualizaciones de estatus de caso electrà ³nico? Cada inmigrante que tiene un caso pendiente con el USCIS puede solicitar que se le mantenga al dà ­a sobre cà ³mo se va procesando su solicitud mediante correo electrà ³nico. Para este caso es preciso crear previamente una cuenta en la pgina del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n presionando en inscribirse como cliente solicitante. A continuacià ³n, debe aceptar los tà ©rminos y condiciones de uso de este servicio y ya se puede darse de alta en este servicio. Informacià ³n electrà ³nica para planillas N-400 e I-90 Solo para los casos de los formularios N-400, para solicitar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, o I-90, la solicitud para reemplazar la tarjeta de residente permanente o green card, es posible verificar el estatus del caso mediante el denominado e-request. Para poder utilizar este servicio es necesario que ya haya transcurrido el tiempo normal de procesamiento de estos documentos y no se tenga respuesta. Por ejemplo, en la actualidad para el N-400 est entre 12 y 20 meses, variando enormemente segà ºn la oficina encargada para su procesamiento. Por otro lado, para el I-90, de 4 meses a 10 meses y medio. Si pasado este tiempo no tiene noticias, puede plantear su pregunta. Si sigue sin obtener respuesta, debe dejar pasar 30 dà ­as antes de volver a pedir una explicacià ³n. Solicitud de informacià ³n sobre el estatus del caso en persona Los inmigrantes con estatus migratorio legal pueden verificar el estatus del caso presentndose en las oficinas del USCIS y, tras esperar en fila a que llegue su turno, preguntar por su caso. O tambià ©n es posible concertar una cita para un dà ­a y una hora en concreto mediante el servicio InfoPass. Es muy importante que los migrantes indocumentados no se presenten voluntariamente en persona en las oficinas del USCIS ya que pueden ser detenidos. Sin embargo, en los casos en los que han sido previamente citados sà ­ deben presentarse, pero es altamente recomendable que vayan acompaà ±ados de abogados migratorios. Solicitud por telà ©fono de informacià ³n sobre estatus de caso Los migrantes tambià ©n pueden comunicarse con el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n por telà ©fono, marcando al 1-800-375-5283 o al 1-800-767-1833, si se sufre de algà ºn problema de audicià ³n. Se brinda servicio en inglà ©s y en espaà ±ol. Se puede llamar a cualquier otra para recibir informacià ³n automatizada, es decir, ofrecida por una computadora. Para hablar con una persona es preciso realizar la llamada en horas de oficina (8am a 6 pm) de lunes a viernes, si el inmigrante se encuentra en cualquiera de los estados de EUA excepto Hawaii (8am-4pm) o Alaska (8am-5pm). Recuerde tener a mano toda la informacià ³n necesaria, como el nà ºmero de caso, el Alien Registration Number, si se tiene, el pasaporte o cualquier otro documento que contenga informacià ³n importante sobre su situacià ³n de inmigracià ³n en USA. Verificar estatus de caso con el CENTRO NACIONAL DE VISAS Despuà ©s de que el USCIS apruebe una peticià ³n de visa no inmigrante, si la tramitacià ³n debe seguir un procesamiento consular (cuando la persona pedida est fuera de EEUU o, si est aquà ­, no puede ajustar su estatus) la solicitud pasa al Centro Nacional de Visas (NVC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Y aquà ­ se va a recibir un nuevo nà ºmero de caso, que es el que se debe utilizar para comunicarse con el NVC. Es muy importante entender, adems, que en los siguientes casos la tramitacià ³n va a quedar dormida por un tiempo: peticià ³n de ciudadano de green card para hijos casados, hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os y hermanospeticià ³n de residentes para cà ³nyuges e hijos solteros (menores y mayores de 21 aà ±os)peticiones de green card patrocinadas por empleador Esto se debe a que es necesario que haya tarjetas de residencia disponibles para la categorà ­a por la que se aplica. Asà ­, es posible obtener la aprobacià ³n en unos meses pero tener que esperar incluso aà ±os por la green card. Una vez que hay nà ºmero de visa disponible, comienza la fase final de la tramitacià ³n. La disponibilidad de tarjetas de residencia o determinadas categorà ­as de visas se puede verificar en el à ºltimo boletà ­n de visas  del Departamento de Estado, para ello hay que tener a mano la fecha de prioridad que aparece en la carta que se conoce como NOA2, y que envià ³ el USCIS. Por el contrario, las peticiones de ciudadano para cà ³nyuge, hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os y padres no tienen que esperar, por lo que una vez que lleguen al NVC se proceder a su tramitacià ³n sin demora. Tiempos de demora en tramitacià ³n y quà © hacer con retrasos. Es posible informarse de cunto aproximadamente se estn demorando los casos similares ante el USCIS dependiendo de la oficina de tramitacià ³n, visas no inmigrantes, migrantes, NVC e incluso en  Corte etc. Adems, en casos de demoras ms all de lo habitual para el mismo tipo de casos, se puede demandar mediante lo que se conoce como un writ of mandamus. Para ellos, consultar antes con un abogado. De interà ©s para obtener confiable informacià ³n para resolver inquietudes Para obtener ms informacià ³n sobre telà ©fonos o pginas webs en los que acudir para encontrar informacià ³n oficial, denunciar fraudes migratorios o encontrar asesorà ­a legal a buen precio y reputada se puede consultar esta lista importante de recursos para migrantes. Este es un artà ­culo meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Are the Millenium Development Goals achievable Essay

Are the Millenium Development Goals achievable - Essay Example However, as years passed, it was increasingly apparent that these goals would not be realized. Today, the declaration is already halfway through its timetable and this paper will discuss why the MDG will be a failure by the year 2015. One of the main targets of the Millennium Development Goals is the eradication of at least 50% of the world’s poverty. This has been one of the most problematic areas in realizing the objectives due to its financial implications. Adrian Bradbrook (2005), for instance, argued that in order for about 1 billion people to live beyond the $1 dollar a day benchmark, they would need to have access to modern energy services, as this is an important precondition for the eradication of poverty. (224) The magnitude of this dilemma is staggering. Bradbrook stated that a cumulative investment of US$200 to $400 billion dollars ($40 billion per year) for people to access energy services such as electricity, liquid and gaseous fuels, electrical appliances for cooking and so on. This challenge is highlighted by the decline in finances of international agencies and the failure of respective governments to generate funds themselves in order to address basic energy needs due to fiscal difficulti es. This is besides other factors that require large scale funding such as the installation of infrastructures and technologies that will spur development in poor countries. Here, we encounter another dilemma in addressing the issue on international partnership on development. One should remember that overseas development assistance extended by developed countries are generally conditional, and in the realist view, are driven by self-interest. That is why the institutionalization of welfare principles in this front, which is central to the MDG’s success, has been nothing but rhetoric. The US leadership in the world community is also one huge determining factor in the fate of the Millennium

Women in leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women in leadership - Essay Example They have understood their voices in a better manner than the male fraternity. Women in leadership have instilled confidence within the people for which they are leaders in the first place. Leadership is all about influencing other people in the organization to accomplish a task. It involves directing an organization in that it becomes more coherent and cohesive. Leadership style can therefore be defined as the approach for providing direction. It includes motivation within its reigns as well. There are various leadership styles that exist in management. They include authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic, delegative or free reign leadership. Lately business offices have been filled by women who were reckoned by the authorities as being less efficient as compared to their male counterparts a few years back. This has changed for the better and more and more companies in the world of today are recruiting female candidates for suitable positions within their staff. Apart from this positive change in mindset of the companies and businesses, there have been some pretty negative points attached to the same notion moreover. Women have started to get recruite d in big numbers and one should believe that this is a major aspect that must be appreciated endlessly. More so, the women have been appointed as leaders within the business enterprises and have been given leadership roles which were not acceptable in the past. Responsibility has made them stronger and their decisions have been different to the ones made by men. (Atkinson, 1997) Companies must encourage women to assume leadership roles so that there could be better interaction within the internal publics of the organization and people collaborate with each other as well as bolster the selection of deserving (on merit-basis) women. It would make all of them in their own peculiar areas of output to give their very best and eventually produce the required results

Conceptual Framework in Accounting Board

Conceptual Framework in Accounting Board Introduction A conceptual framework has its basis in a set of concepts. These concepts are linked to a system of methods, behaviors, functions, relationships and objects. The conceptual framework for financial reporting â€Å"†¦..seeks to identify the nature, subject, purpose and broad content of general-purpose financial reporting and the qualitative characteristics that financial information should possess†. (Deegan, 2005, p.1184). It is of fundamental importance to the future development of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Conceptual framework of an Accounting Board: Defines the objective of financial statements Identifies the qualitative characteristics that make information in financial statements useful Defines the basic elements of financial statements Specify how the elements are recognised and measured in financial statements. The focus of this essay is on conceptual frameworks propounded by Accounting Standards Board (ASB), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and also the improvements proposed in the IASB and FASB Joint Discussion Paper. ASB is a subsidiary company of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) responsible for formulating Financial Reporting Standards. FASB is an Accounting Board that establishes rules governing accounting practices throughout the US. The mission of the FASB is to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and education of the public, including issuers, auditors, and users of financial information. IASB is the youngest Accounting Board of the three. It was founded on April 1, 2001 as the successor of International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) based in London, UK. IASB is responsible for setting International Accounting Standards. IASB has adopted many of the regulations of its predecessor. It uses IASCs 1989 ‘Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements’. Thus, IASB’s conceptual framework of accounting standards are outdated as the accounting standards prescribed by IASB reflect the accounting thought in1989. In contrast, ASB pronouncements are more contemporary. IASB and FASB Joint Discussion Paper In October 2004, US FASB and the IASB accepted that their existing frameworks move in different directions and were not complete and up to date. They decided to develop a single common conceptual framework that converges and improves the existing individual conceptual frameworks of the boards. They published a consultative document in 2006 setting out their preliminary views on an enhanced conceptual framework. Differences between Conceptual Frameworks The conceptual frameworks put forward by the three Boards can be compared on the basis of: Purpose of the framework Objectives of financial statements Qualitative characteristics Elements of financial statements Recognition and measurement criteria These are examined in detail below: Purpose of the Framework The three conceptual frameworks have similar purpose. The purpose of each framework is described below: ASB: The framework seeks to describe the fundamental approach propounded by ASB to strengthen the financial statements of profit-oriented entities. It provides a reference point to help ASB in developing new accounting standards and reviewing existing ones. IASB: Like ASB, IASB’s framework also serves as a guide to the Board in developing accounting standards. It also acts as a guide to resolving accounting issues that are not addressed directly in an IAS or IFRS or Interpretation. With a revision to IAS 8 in 2003, the importance of conceptual framework has increased further. The IASB framework applies to all business entities both in the private or public sector. FASB: The purpose of the FASB framework is also to assist standard setters in developing and revising accounting standards. The framework does not override accounting standards, and therefore in this respect it has a lower status than specific accounting standards. The FASB framework applies to both business and not-for-profit entities in the private sector. Despite the similar purpose of all frameworks, the emphasis of the framework differs from board to board. For instance, the IASB framework has a broader purpose than the FASB framework. The IASB framework not only assists IASB in developing or revising accounting standards but also assists preparers, auditors, and users of financial statements. There is also a difference in the status of the frameworks. For instance, the IASB framework is considered at a higher level in its GAAP hierarchy than the FASB framework in the U.S. GAAP hierarchy. The management of entities preparing financial statements under IFRS is expressly required to follow the IASB framework. IASB and FASB Joint Discussion Paper: The Discussion Paper states the purpose of conceptual framework to establish a common framework of the concepts that underlie financial reporting. The common framework is expected to suit the requirements of both FASB and IASB. However, this may lead to a problem. If the arguments contained in the discussion paper are adopted as the common framework, this will distance preparers and auditors as the framework will become theoretical and long and act only as a reference manual for standard setters. Objectives of Financial Statements Conceptual frameworks put forward by Accounting Boards put forward similar objectives of financial statement. ASB: According to ASB â€Å"†¦the objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and the financial adaptability of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users† (1999:1) FASB: The FASB framework specify objectives for business entities and non-business entities. According to FASB in SFAC 1 â€Å"†¦financial reporting is not an end in itself but is intended to provide information that is useful in making business and economic decisions†. (1978:9) IASB: According to the IASB’s Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements â€Å"†¦the objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions.† (2001:12)Unlike FASB framework, the IASB framework has a more limited scope. It discusses objectives in the context of business entities only. IASB and FASB Joint Discussion Paper: The discussion paper states that the objectives of financial reporting are to provide information: Useful to present and potential investors and creditors and others in making investment, credit, and similar resource allocation decisions. Useful in assessing cash flow prospects About an entity’s resources, claims to those resources, and changes in resources and claims Despite the similarity of objectives propounded by the various frameworks, the differences may arise due to the focus on users. The focus depends on the body producing the statements and establishing parameters. Qualitative characteristics The conceptual frameworks identify primarily four principal qualitative characteristics in common: Understandability Relevance, Reliability and Comparability. However there are differences in terms of what constitute ‘relevant’ and ‘reliable’ information and which characteristic is more important than others. ASB: The ASB narrow down the scope of their conceptual framework by establishing parameters which clearly defines the inclusions and exclusions. It defines the qualitative characteristics of the information which merits inclusion, for example, relevance, reliability, and comparability. UK ASB treats information to be reliable if it is free from material errors. Though freedom from material error is included as a sub-quality of reliability, the framework excludes verifiability as an essential element for reliability of information. The conceptual framework of ASB favours relevance over reliability if there is a conflict between relevance and reliability concept. IASB: According to IASB, information is relevant when it influences the economic decisions of users and is reliable if it is free from material error and bias and can be depended upon by users to represent events and transactions faithfully. IASB framework treats all four qualitative characteristics as primary qualitative characteristics. It treats materiality of information and its timeliness as a component of relevance. IASB does not give importance to one characteristic over the other. There is sometimes a tradeoff between relevance and reliability and judgement is required to provide the appropriate balance. IASB expects management to exercise prudence or conservatism to provide this balance. FASB: Unlike IASB, FASB framework set out the qualitative characteristics in a hierarchy, treating understandability as a user-specific quality separate from the others, relevance and reliability as the primary qualities, and comparability as a secondary quality. IASB and FASB Joint Discussion Paper: The discussion paper proposes replacing the qualitative characteristic of ‘reliability’ in the current frameworks with ‘faithful representation’. The paper also highlights areas where the qualitative characteristics of both IASB and FASB conceptual framework can be improved. For example, both frameworks emphasise neutrality, prudence or conservatism and expect that the exercise of prudence or conservatism does not allow the deliberate understatement of net assets and profits. However, the hard fact is that a concept of prudence or conservatism is inconsistent with the concept of neutrality. Elements of Financial Statements There are differences, though not major, between frameworks in relation to elements of financial statements ASB: ASB classifies transactions and other events into 5 elements: assets, liabilities, ownership interests, gains and losses. Assets, liabilities and ownership interest are included in the Balance Sheet and gains and losses in the Profit Loss Account. IASB: Like ASB, IASB framework also has 5 elements of financial statements: Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Liabilities, Income and Expenses. The first three elements form a part of the Balance Sheet and the last two a part of the Income Statement or Profit Loss Account. The assets, defined as a resource controlled by the enterprise as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the enterprise, has a central role. All other element definitions are based on the definition of assets. FASB: FASB framework has seven elements in all. Elements, such as assets, liabilities, and equity are for describing the financial position. Unlike two elements for IASB, the FASB framework includes five elements relating to financial performance: revenue, gains, expenses, losses, and comprehensive income. Though assets definition is still primary, there are differences in terms of how assets are defined by IASB and FASB. The FASB framework includes â€Å"probable† as part of the definition of assets and liabilities, whereas the IASB framework includes the term in its recognition criteria, and the meaning of the word is not the same. In addition to this, as per IASB, the asset is the resource from which future economic benefits are expected to flow, whereas as per FASB, the asset is the future economic benefits themselves. IASB and FASB Joint Discussion Paper: The discussion paper finds gaps in the existing frameworks in respect of the following aspects of elements of financial statements and requires the converged conceptual framework to focus on these: The distinction between liabilities and equity Definition of a liability The effect of conditions, contingencies, or uncertainties Accounting for contractual rights and obligations Recognition criteria for financial reporting The objective of financial statements is achieved by depicting in the primary financial statements the effects that transactions and other events have on the elements. This process is known as recognition. Frameworks differ with regard to recognition of effects of transactions. ASB: According to ASB framework, if a transaction leads to creation of a new asset or liability or to adds to an existing asset or liability, the effect will be recognised in the balance sheet. This recognition will happen only if there is sufficient evidence that the asset or liability exists and can be measured reliably enough in monetary terms. Except when there has been no change in the total net assets or the whole of the change is the result of capital contributions or distributions, a gain or loss will be recognised at the same time. ASB does not take into account probable effects. IASB: Unlike ASB, IASB framework includes ‘probable’ test for recognizing effects of transactions. For example, the IASB framework requires that an asset is recognised in the balance sheet when it is probable that the future economic benefits will flow to the enterprise and the asset has a cost or value that can be measured reliably. Similarly, a liability is recognised in the balance sheet when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will result from the settlement of a present obligation and the amount at which the settlement will take place can be measured reliably. FASB: FASB framework also specifies a criteria to be satisfied before items are recognized in the financial statements. The framework also requires that only items that are relevant should be recognised. Like ASB, FASB framework also does not include probability as a recognition criterion. Measurement of the Elements of Financial Statements Measurement of elements of financial statements means assigning a monetary value to it. Frameworks differ on this account. ASB: ASB uses ‘value to the business’ (VTB), or ‘deprival value’ of the asset for measurement of asset. Similarly, liabilities are measured on the basis of the ‘relief value’. Moreover, ASB adopts mixed measurement system as against outdated frameworks that adopt a single consistent system. Mixed measurement system is flexible and allows the historical cost and current value to be changed as accounting thought develops and markets evolve. This implies that the use of current value will become more prevalent as markets develop and evolve. This approach is used by the majority of large UK listed companies and involves measuring some balance sheet categories at historical cost and some at current value. IASB: The IASB Framework acknowledges different measurement bases including: historical cost, current cost, net realisable value, present value. However, it does not recommend a preferred technique for measurement of assets and liabilities. The most common basis of measurement adopted by the framework is historical cost. Thus, there is no formal recognition of a ‘mixed measurement’ system in the framework. This is its biggest drawback and makes it an outdated framework as it belongs to a different period. This approach was abandoned by the ASB in favour of a ‘mixed measurement’ system. Even though many existing IFRSs are based on the concept of ‘fair value’, it is not referred to in the Framework. Again, such an omission suggests that the international framework measurement provisions are limited and out-of-date. FASB: Like IASB, measurement is one of the most underdeveloped areas of FASB framework. FASB frameworks also provides a list of measurement attributes similar to ones prescribed by IASB that are used in practice. However, like IASB, FASB framework does not recommend measurement criteria for any element. In other words, it too lacks fully developed measurement concepts. IASB and FASB Joint Discussion Paper: The discussion paper clearly highlights a need to consider whether the conceptual framework should include not just measurement concepts, but also guidance on the techniques of measurement. Conclusion The conceptual framework(s) contained in the ASB, the FASB, and the IASB have formed the basis of accounting standards for some time. The current IASB and FASB frameworks are increasingly out-of-date, as they ignore many of the developments that have been undertaken by national standards. There are certain limitations that need to addressed in a way that issues that cross-cut across standards are taken care of. For instance, a new framework is required which is not based on a single value-based model but a ‘mixed measurement system’. References Accounting Standards Board. (1999), An Introduction to the Statement of Principles for Financial Reporting, ASB Publications, London. Financial Accounting Standards Board, (2001- 2004) ‘Business Combinations: Purchase Method Procedures and (including Combinations between Mutual Enterprises) Certain Issues Related to the Accounting for and Reporting of Noncontrolling (Minority) Interests Solomons, D. (1988), Guidelines for financial reporting London, UK: ICAEW. Hines, R. (1991). The FASBs conceptual framework, financial accounting and the maintenance of the social world. Accounting, Organisations and Society, 16, 313-331. Research Memorandum (April 2004), Standard-setting and the myth of neutrality : Boundaries, discourse and the exercise of power, accessed from http://www.hull.ac.uk/hubs/05/research/memoranda/Memorandum%2047.pdf, accessed on 18 January 2007.

Sylvia Plath :: Biography Biographies Essays

Sylvia Plath      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sylvia Plath was a remarkable twentieth century American poet. Her poetry focused on depression, aspects on suicide, death, savage imagery, self-destruction and painful feelings of women. Plath attempts to exorcise the oppressive male figures that haunted her life served as one of the fundamental themes in her poetry.    Her poetry is a good example on how "suffering and transformation could be within traditional poetic contexts" (Initiation p.142). She also believed that a poem "must give an expression to the poet's own anguish because suffering has become the central fact of historical and personal existence" (Initiation p.143). This is what she believed and how she dealt with her problems by expressing her feelings through poetry. Though what was expressed in her poems also portrayed her fate in suicide.    Sylvia Plath was born on October 27, 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts to Otto and Aurelia Plath. Her father, Otto Plath was a German biology professor at Boston University. Her mother, Aurelia, was a high school English teacher, until she married and became a homemaker. When Sylvia was only eight, her father died from complications of undiagnosed diabetes, which also scarred her for life. At this same age she started her career as writer she published her first couplet in the Boston Sunday Herald, and since then has persistently worked on poetry and her writings.    In high school, she was a remarkably intelligent, popular, student. She was the typical "Straight A's" girl. As a member of the National Honors Society, she received a scholarship to attend Smith College in 1950. While studying creative writing and graphic arts in her third year of college, she was a guest editor in Mademoiselle Magazine. Shortly after that, on August 24, 1953, because of extreme depression, she attempted to commit suicide for the first time by taking a large dose of sleeping pills. She was later treated with intense psychotherapy and electroshock therapy in a private hospital. After a long recovery, she returned to Smith College and graduated in 1954. This incident is well described in the Bell Jar, her second published novel.    By now her career as a poet and writer was not going well, after forty-five rejections from newspapers and magazines, Seventeen magazine agreed to have one of her stories to be published. Later, it was announced that she had received third place in Seventeen Magazine's writing contest. Sylvia Plath :: Biography Biographies Essays Sylvia Plath      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sylvia Plath was a remarkable twentieth century American poet. Her poetry focused on depression, aspects on suicide, death, savage imagery, self-destruction and painful feelings of women. Plath attempts to exorcise the oppressive male figures that haunted her life served as one of the fundamental themes in her poetry.    Her poetry is a good example on how "suffering and transformation could be within traditional poetic contexts" (Initiation p.142). She also believed that a poem "must give an expression to the poet's own anguish because suffering has become the central fact of historical and personal existence" (Initiation p.143). This is what she believed and how she dealt with her problems by expressing her feelings through poetry. Though what was expressed in her poems also portrayed her fate in suicide.    Sylvia Plath was born on October 27, 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts to Otto and Aurelia Plath. Her father, Otto Plath was a German biology professor at Boston University. Her mother, Aurelia, was a high school English teacher, until she married and became a homemaker. When Sylvia was only eight, her father died from complications of undiagnosed diabetes, which also scarred her for life. At this same age she started her career as writer she published her first couplet in the Boston Sunday Herald, and since then has persistently worked on poetry and her writings.    In high school, she was a remarkably intelligent, popular, student. She was the typical "Straight A's" girl. As a member of the National Honors Society, she received a scholarship to attend Smith College in 1950. While studying creative writing and graphic arts in her third year of college, she was a guest editor in Mademoiselle Magazine. Shortly after that, on August 24, 1953, because of extreme depression, she attempted to commit suicide for the first time by taking a large dose of sleeping pills. She was later treated with intense psychotherapy and electroshock therapy in a private hospital. After a long recovery, she returned to Smith College and graduated in 1954. This incident is well described in the Bell Jar, her second published novel.    By now her career as a poet and writer was not going well, after forty-five rejections from newspapers and magazines, Seventeen magazine agreed to have one of her stories to be published. Later, it was announced that she had received third place in Seventeen Magazine's writing contest.

Patton-Fuller Network Design Project Essay

This project focuses on designing an integrated network for the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. The first section of the paper describes the characteristics and components of the current network as well as the standards that coincide with the project. Lastly, the paper also evaluates the current network topology. The hospital has a power backup unit designed to automatically use auxiliary power from a diesel generator. Each department also has its own uninterruptible power supply. The topographical network design shows that of a centralized design. This system has benefits with no need for an operating system stored locally. Thus improving the performance because the OS and user applications are already running on the servers, however it also increases the risk if the mainframe suddenly lost power it will affect all terminals. Distributed networks have much less risk of power outages because if one component in the network fails the others will still have functionality. On the other hand they require OS and software installed on individual computers which require additional hardware to store it, which can take more time to maintain and update. The network bridge is a critical component in this network that passes information locally throughout the network. Doctors can be authorized in a virtual private network (VPN) from a router linked to the remote access server (RAS) that permits them access to the servers from their home. For email functions the network has a Windows Exchange server running on an IBM x3250 series. Workstations in doctor’s offices and nurses have iMac clients on fiber cables. The senior managers in human resources, operations, and finance have virtual operating systems with both Mac OSX (Leopard) and Windows XP. The hospitals current network architecture comprises of a network bridge joining  the administrative and clinical areas. All administrative functions have lines contained in a trunk using Cat 6. The executive departments have Apple desktop systems with Wi-Fi cards installed. The hospital central mainframe is an IBM series Z9EC featuring a database storing patient records and with a fiber connection to a 10 terabyte NAS. Clinical departments have another trunk line on a single mode fiber optic line. (Virtual Organizations Portal, 2011) As part of HIPAA, which is meant to protect patient information in attempts of data breaches. This information is stored in encrypted data files using AES (advanced encryption standard). Access is permitted through identification and authentication of any user the requests this information. Standards are important in networking because all networking devices must have the same rules for communication to prevent a loss of data. Networks can have several levels of scope, local area networks (LAN) are a group of devices connected by Ethernet cables and are limited to the same building with a range of 300 feet. Wide area networks (WAN) are networks built in cities, usually for institutions. Wireless networks have the same scope as LANs do, but use radio signals as communication between a router or wireless modem and any number of wireless devices. A WLAN will require a wireless standard in typically 802.11n or ac. In the installation of a WAN an X.25 standard using a leased line will be adequate for a connection between other hospital locations. (International Business Machines [IBM], n.d.). Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is a telephone network that utilizes the Internet to send voice signals. Unlike the public switched telephone networks that require extra hardware when placing calls in other countries, VoIP send data packets to the phone. Which is the same as how a webpage is loaded in a browser (Nunn, McGuire, & Crowe, 2009) In summary, this paper discussed characteristics and components in Patton-Fuller’s network and its topographical design. Finally, standards that are relevant to this project were analyzed. References International Business Machines. (n.d.). Wide area network standards: X.25 networks. Retrieved from http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_ibm_i_61/rzajt/rzajtx25con.htm Nunn, L., McGuire, B., & Crowe, B. (2009, Forth Quarter). Measuring the benefits of voice over internet protocol. The Review of Business Information

Animals and Their Environment

To understanding individual animals, and in turn populations of animals, you must first understand the relationship they have with their environment. Animal Habitats The environment in which an animal lives is referred to as its habitat. A habitat includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of the animals environment. Abiotic components of an animals environment include a huge range of characteristics, examples of which include: TemperatureHumidityOxygenWindSoil compositionDay lengthElevation Biotic components of an animals environment include such things as: Plant matterPredatorsParasitesCompetitorsIndividuals of the same species Animals Get Energy From the Environment Animals require energy to support the processes of life: movement, foraging, digestion, reproduction, growth, and work. Organisms can be categorized into one of the following groups: Autotroph—an organism that obtains energy from sunlight (in the case of green plants) or inorganic compounds (in the case of sulfur bacteria)Heterotroph—an organism that uses organic materials as a source of energy Animals are heterotrophs, obtaining their energy from the ingestion of other organisms. When resources are scarce or environmental conditions limit the ability of animals to obtain food or go about their normal activities, animals metabolic activity may decrease to conserve energy until better conditions prevail. A component of an organisms environment, such as a nutrient, that is in short supply and therefore limits the organisms ability to reproduce in greater numbers is referred to as a limiting factor of the environment.   The different types of metabolic dormancy or responses include: Torpor—a time of decreased metabolism and reduced body temperature in daily activity cyclesHibernation—a time of decreased metabolism and reduced body temperature that may last weeks or monthsWinter sleep—periods of inactivity during which body temperature does not fall substantially and from which animals can be awakened and become active quicklyAestivation—a period of inactivity in animals that must sustain extended periods of drying Environmental characteristics (temperature, moisture, food availability, and so on) vary over time and location so animals have adapted to a certain range of values for each characteristic. The range of an environmental characteristic to which an animal is adapted is called its tolerance range for that characteristic. Within an animals tolerance range is an optimal range of values at which the animal is most successful. Animals Become Acclimated to Survive Sometimes, in response to a prolonged change in environmental characteristic, an animals physiology adjusts to accommodate the change in its environment, and in doing so, its tolerance range shifts. This shift in tolerance range is called acclimation. For example, sheep in cold, damp climates grow thicker winter coats. And, a study of lizards showed that those acclimated to warm weather could maintain a faster speed than lizards not acclimated to those conditions. Likewise, the digestive systems of white-tailed deer adjust to the available food supply in winter versus summer.